Kris' Blog

How is the easy way to solve the raping cases?

INTRODUCTION
“Then, who’s the father of this baby?” This words were often said when a husband knew that the baby of his wife wasn’t the result of their love. Yes, for them, the raping victims, getting married as fast as she can is the best choice. It’s because the fact that a baby with “Without Father” status makes the family become ashamed very much.
Unfortunately, the raping cases for the girls, weren’t categorized as seldom cases in this country. The victim’s family must seek, who’s the rapist and they will force him to take the responsibilities. But, it’s very difficult to find him, therefore that the fact is the rapists were more than one person. In the other word, that girl actually is being overwhelmed by some men that want to enjoy her by turns.
For example, we assume that there are 5 rapists in that case. After learning Biology, we know that only one of them that being the father of the child. But, it’s hard to decide who’s the father, that must take the responsibility of that baby? Should we wait the baby, until he grow up and find the similarity with his father? Yeah, maybe it’s useful, but it’s in the past. Now, there is a simple, quick, and accurate way to solve that problem. The DNA test. The arrangement of the Child’s DNA must be similar to his father one.

THE DEFINITION
Well, it’s more popular to call it as DNA fingerprint. DNA fingerprint is a method to check and analyze the arrangement of DNA in our body. Before talking much about DNA, I offer you to rewind your memories as a Senior-High School student. We should know what is exactly the meaning of word DNA is. An organism contains a lot of cells. Each of cells contains the nucleus. There are a lot of chromosomes inside of nucleus. Different species, it has different quantities and types of the chromosomes.
So, where is the DNA? DNA is located inside of the chromosomes. The characteristics of all living organisms, including humans, are essentially determined by information contained within DNA that they inherit from their parents. The molecular structure of DNA can be imagined as a zipper with each tooth represented by one of four letters (A, C, G, or T) and with opposite teeth forming one of two pairs, either AT or GC. DNA’s create the chain of chromosomes. DNA is something that save all information about the genetics of an organism. DNA will become the blue-print of organism creation for the next inheritance generation. So, that’s the reason why is the composition of the child DNA’s is similar to their parents one.

From this knowledge, we logically understand that it is the key words. So, we can conclude that different organisms in a species, it also has the difference of the Nitrogen’s base orders in DNA. That makes there is a human that similar each other with the other humans. The parents give their blue-print to their child, and the cycle of generation last for a long time.
Well, and then look at the word DNA fingerprint. Like the fingerprints that came into use by detectives and police labs during the 1930s, each person has a unique DNA fingerprint (Figure 1). Unlike a conventional fingerprint that occurs only on the fingertips and can be altered by surgery, a DNA fingerprint is the same for every cell, tissue, and organ of a person. It cannot be altered by any known treatment. Consequently, DNA fingerprinting is rapidly becoming the primary method for identifying and distinguishing among individual human beings.

The DNA fingerprint test usually used for 2 purposes, for (1)private purpose, for example is to decide who is the parents of the child or the child of the parents and (2) the law purpose, to solve the forensic problem, such as to identify the destroyed victim, to match the DNA of the victims with their family. It is also used to proof the crime of raping cases or murders.
Almost all of Biologically part from our body can be used as the sample of DNA test. But the most recently used is blood, hair, buccal swab (inside of the cheek), and the nails. Sperms, muscles, bones, integuments, and saliva are often used too. It depends on what can be found in the Accident’s happen places.
Actually, there is only 2 type of DNA that used for the test, the DNA inside of the nucleus and in the mitochondria one. For an accurate result, we often use the Nucleus’ DNA, because it won’t be changed forever. Let’s imagine some cases. For the sperms sample, we use the head of spermatozoa, because it contains them. And for the hair, they are located in the hair’s root. But, the most unique thing is the Mitochondria’s DNA is the special DNA, that often used to see the similarity maternally (with his/her mother).

THE STEPS
DNA fingerprinting is a laboratory procedure that requires six steps (Figure 3):

1) Isolation of DNA. DNA must be recovered from the cells or tissues of the body. Only a small amount of tissue, like blood, hair, or skin, is needed. For example, the amount of DNA found at the root of one hair is usually sufficient.
2) Cutting, sizing, and sorting. Special enzymes called restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA at specific places. For example, an enzyme called EcoR1, found in bacteria, will cut DNA only when the sequence GAATTC occurs.
The DNA pieces are sorted according to size by a sieving technique called electrophoresis. The DNA pieces are passed through a gel made from seaweed agarose (a jelly-like product made from seaweed). This technique is the DNA equivalent of screening sand through progressively finer mesh screens to determine particle sizes.
3) Transfer of DNA to nylon. The distribution of DNA pieces is transferred to a nylon sheet by placing the sheet on the gel and soaking them overnight.
4-5) Probing. Adding radioactive or colored probes to the nylon sheet produces a pattern called the DNA fingerprint. Each probe typically sticks in only one or two specific places on the nylon sheet.
6) DNA fingerprint. The final DNA fingerprint is built by using several probes (5-10 or more) simultaneously. It resembles the bar codes used by grocery store scanners.
In Indonesia, there are only two places to the DNA test. Laboratorium Pusdokkes Polri Jakarta Timur and Lembaga Bio Molekuler Eijkman Jakarta Pusat. The cost of having DNA test is 8 million Rupiahs, for one packet. The results of the test will be showed for 12 days after the test.
The technology of DNA fingerprint is improved rapidly. But, Indonesia still use the electrophoresis method, such as using phenolchloroform to isolate the blood and Chilex to isolate the hair.
Getting DNA of some people haven’t been finished yet, we must match each of it, the order of the Nitrogen’s base I mean, to see the similarity inheritance generation of humans. If it’s arranged in the correct order each other, we can conclude 100% that they come from the same family. But, if it isn’t, we can say that they come from different family.

THE CONCLUSION
Nah, from the explanation above, we can solve the problem in the beginning of this article easily now. We learn something too. The truth that there is a simple method to analyze the relatives connectivity each others. So, the crime of raping cases, won’t be as many as before. The reason is the police has this new method to identify the rapists quickly from this DNA fingerprint. I think, I can say that the applications of DNA fingerprint are so many in the future.
That’s the invention of human. If there is any difficulty to analyze the crime cases, the other humans must continue the researches to develop the science and technology and find the way to solve that problems.
The development of Science and Technology is very important to maintain the existence of humans in the future.

For further information, you should browse to:
www.biotech.iastate.edu
www.chem-is-try.org
Created by:
Kristanto Irawan Putra
XII-IA8/13

Fűnfte – am Freitag, vierzehnten Mai zweitausendzehn
(Kelima – pada hari Jumat, 14 Mei 2010)
Personalpronomen – 2
Possessivpronomen (Posesif / Kata Ganti Kepunyaan)
 ich -> mein,-e (identik dengan I -> My)
 du -> dein,-e (identik dengan You -> Your)
 er -> sein,-e (identik dengan He -> His)
 sie -> ihr,-e
 es -> sein,-e
 wir -> unser,-e
 Sie/sie -> Ihr/ihr,-e
 ihr -> euer,eure
mein (tanpa akhiran –e) digunakan apabila diikuti kata benda yang menggunakan artikel der dan das, sedangkan meine (dengan akhiran –e) untuk artikel die.

Nomen (Kata Benda)
Kata Benda dalam Bahasa Jerman dibedakan menjadi 3 genus, yaitu maskulin, feminin, dan netral. Maskulin (Männlich) ditandai dengan penggunaan artikel der, Feminin (Weiblich) dengan die, dan Netral (Sächlich) dengan das. Penulisan Kata Benda dalam Bahasa Jerman harus diawali dengan huruf kapital.
Contoh: der Kugelschreiber (bolpoin), die Tasche (tas), das Buch (buku)

Penggunaan er dan sie dalam Bahasa Jerman tidak hanya mengacu kepada dia laki-laki atau dia perempuan. Kata ganti er juga dapat menggantikan kata benda berartikel der, sie untuk kata benda berartikel die, dan es untuk das.

Űbung (Latihan)
1. der Bleistift -> Das ist mein Bleistift. (Itu pensil saya)
2. die Lampe -> Das ist ihre Lampe. (Itu lampu dia perempuan)
3. das Auto -> Das ist euer Auto. (Itu mobil kalian)
4. r, Vater -> Das ist unser Vater. (Itu ayah kami)
5. e, Tafel -> Das ist seine Tafel. (itu papan tulis dia laki-laki)
6. s, Hobby -> Das ist dein Hobby. (itu hobi dia laki-laki).

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